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Productive Grounds. Transalpine Trajectories

Recycle Footprint

Mosé Ricci

Recycling means putting things back into circulation, reusing waste materials that have lost their value and/or meaning. It is a practice that makes it possible to reduce waste, to generate less trash, to cut the costs of disposal, and to contain the costs required to produce new goods. In other words, recycling means creating new values and new meanings. Another cycle and another life. This is where the propulsive contribution of recycling lies: it is an ecological action that pushes what exists into the future by transforming waste into something that figures prominently. Architecture and the city have always recycled themselves. Examples like Split (Croatia), the Teatro di Marcello in Rome or the Duomo in Syracuse are just a few of the most obvious manifestos of recycling. It’s not a question of restoration: the idea of conservation tends to embalm the image of architectural or urban space by attributing value to the unchangeable. When recycle processes are carried out, the value is the change itself, especially when it succeeds in generating figures charged with new meanings and expressions as the cases mentioned above.

The innovative aspect of this contemporary condition lies in considering this policy as a strategic approach for architecture, the city and derelict landscapes. The recyling paradigm offsets the paradigms of new construction and demolition that have dominated modernity, but not in an ordinary way. What is important is to look at those experiences that, thanks to a recycle process, are capable to increase the culture of the city, beauty and urban quality, in relation to specific places and conditions. The practice of recycling spaces and the urban fabric is indeed necessarily contextual and adaptive. The project of recycle cannot be carried out by using stereotyped methods or traditional tools. Each place and each case provides the context for a different project. We might speak of different tactics, in the same way that Fabrizia Ippolito uses this term for urban actions which respond to a sole intervention strategy. The concept of recycling implies a story and a new course. It involves narrative more than measure. Its field of reference is the landscape, not the territory. The idea of territory calls for architecture to provide quantity, stability, persistence in time and projects as authorial decisions, capable of determining the competition between places by means of the author’s signature.

The idea of landscape, instead, does not require architecture to entail specific times, it asks that they age together, that architecture should change constantly in the same way that landscape should always change. And it asks that the project should be polyarchic, i.e. decided
by many, shared by many, contributing to the construction of that landscape-portrait, a very beautiful image by João Nunes, which is the portrait of a society and not of an author. Finally the idea of recycle is oriented to increasing the environmental quality of the city, eroding metropolitan functions in favour of an increased sensitivity to landscape and ecology.

In Genoa, the no-longer-used industrial heritage and infrastructure are a real opportunity, which occupies the most strategic areas in the city, between the sea and the mountains. Thus, the first objective of the Recycle Genoa research project has been to evaluate the consistency and the potential of this urban materials: the recycle footprint.

The recycle footprint is the trace that former life cycles of urban areas and uses left within the city. It represents a sign and a value in itself, a map and a width. In other terms, the recycle footprint is the real heritage that a city that does not consume further territories can invest in its future.

The first phase of the Recycle Genoa Research Project aimed at highlighting, and acknowledging, this unrecognized patrimony. In Genoa,
the no-longer-used industrial areas and infrastructure represent a real opportunity. They are mainly set along the railway, also abandoned, that was connecting these areas to each other, between the sea and the hills. They occupy a continues strip, a filled void within the urban pattern.

The recycle footprint represents the contemporary geography and potential of the city. In other terms, it individuates the shape and consistency of this urban heritage, and establishes the urgency and potential of urban interventions, defined through quantitative and quality objectives. The research project experimentally individuated a set of parameters, both quantitative (dimensions, environmental and hydro-geological characteristics and percentage of risk, density of inhabitants and services,…) and qualitative (property, land value, ecological and social risk, vulnerability,…) These parameters consider both design objectives – in terms of architecture, landscape and urbanism – and Life Cycle Assesments method, as applied to urban areas instead of buildings or objects. Moreover these parameters allow to individuate some sensors, or Hazards Critical Control Points, capable to highlight the points or major risk or where to individuate first and more strategically.

The footprint is therefore the context for recycle and expresses the real potential for the reactivation of urban open space, its management and maintenance, the possibility to generate a new social cohesion, improve environmental qualities and discover new economies and energies (human and material). Mapping the recycle footprint can therefore be intended as the first of five steps of a design methodology that the Recycle Genoa Unit is developing. The main objective of the research is therefore to identify the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of this wasted opportunities, highlighting and connecting them through an overall strategy that could forecast new possibilities started from the dismissed industrial landscape.

The second phase consists therefore in valorizing these urban materials that form the recycle footprint. In Genoa, this means to outline an urban concept, or strategy, that can valorize the dismissed industrial fabric and infrastructure. As mentioned before, this area coincides with a strip comprised between the sea and the mountains, a thick line that crosses the city’s most central areas. The idea is to rethink these spaces as new ecological infrastructure, called Genoa BELT which stays for Basic Ecological Light Transformation system. The objective is to imagine a landscape infrastructure capable of linking different urban areas regenerating them, using the recycle footprint as a design and development material, a shared vision for the future of Genoa.

This strategy is to be applied through a series of devices. The project of recycle makes it difficult, and probably nonsense, to outline an overall plan to be actuated in ten or twenty years. The project of recycle, as mentioned before, is extremely time and place related. Actuating it requires operative instruments, capable of linking planning and design strategies to the existing condition of a city, also considering its transformation (or not) over time. In collaboration with the Leibniz Universität Hannover, and in occasion of the DAAD Recycle Genoa-Hannover Workshop ten manifestos, have been individuated, that respond to this: building transformation, temporary devices, temporary uses, energy factories, cultural reuse, urban agriculture, ecological reclamation, water design, hybrid infrastructure, new grids, are operative strategies for actuating the recycle project, linking the design project to the performances it can achieve.

A fourth phase consists in outlining visions.

The quality of the city is the problem in fact, not its physical shape. The latter is no longer controllable. It has already exploded. The traditional urban project finds it difficult to emerge as an instrument for controlling transformations. It may pursue a spatial order or became a form
of process or the meeting point between strategy and opportunity, but successful results of these actions raise doubts. The only way left for describing the space where we live in, and transform it, is to think about it as a landscape whose aesthetics cannot depend upon superimposed measurement. It becomes a complex project. The aesthetics of a landscape lies in images, in the way each place is lived, mythicized, or told. Above all it is the apparent form of a cultural, economic and social context, rather than a physical one. Recycle strategies emerge from a given context which is underused or misused, and should be able to envision better and possible future, foreseeing the effects and the impact on key players, executors, people… In this sense, a fourth phase of the recycle Genoa research project consists in outlining and testing visions.

Visions represent quality targets. Through vision we can mold processes of local development by exploring change. The images of the future help focusing on strategic issues in order to define settlement choices, adjusting or playing in the gaps of traditional planning methods. Visions express points of no return as regards urban change management and generally they interpret a strategy of development, which is not scared by process accelerations, because in these images the future has already started.

Finally, the recycle project implies considering process as the founding element of the design and planning action. Process represents the way in which it is possible to realize the project fundamental ideas and figures, making the targets displayed by the vision real. Process completes and sharps the vision; it is the active master plan device that the city uses to ensure the quality of change for citizens.

These five phases are not necessarily consequential, as very often the project even starts from the process, from the desire or need to activate transformations starting from the no-longer-used urban heritage. This five thesis forecast a design methodology to be applied in an hermeneutic process of readjustment and improvement.